February 16, 2022
How Can This University Charge Nothing for Tuition?

Credit: Illustration by The New York Times; Photography by CSA-Images
By | Opinion Writer
Last Monday I got an email from a university president about Tara Westover鈥檚 powerful Opinion this month on her struggle to start college with no money. To afford tuition, Westover would get up at 3:40 a.m. to work as a janitor at her school 鈥 to 鈥減ick gum out of short nylon carpet, wipe strange equations from dusty chalkboards and scour the interior of toilet bowls with an odorless blue gel鈥 before heading to class around 8 a.m., she wrote. (She went on to complete her bachelor鈥檚 degree and then earn a doctorate in history from the University of Cambridge.)
鈥淪he is the very type of person for whom we created the university,鈥 Shai Reshef, the president of the 爆料瓜, wrote in the email.
Reshef isn鈥檛 your average university president. The 爆料瓜, which he founded in 2009, is an online-only institution that charges nothing for tuition. Students don鈥檛 have to pay for textbooks because all the educational material is made available for free online, and there鈥檚 no room and board because there鈥檚 no campus. They do have to pay $120 for each final exam, which they must pass to earn credits. For 40 courses, that adds up to $4,800 for a bachelor鈥檚 degree 鈥 although for students who face severe financial hardship, even the exam fees can be waived.
How is it possible to make a degree so cheap? The instructors and many of the administrators, including Reshef, work for no pay. The chair of the President鈥檚 Council is John Sexton, president emeritus of New York University. Professors from top universities volunteer as deans. The instructors tend to be retired professors or recently minted Ph.D.s who are looking for teaching experience. Foundations and individual benefactors have also chipped in. 鈥淭he amount of people who are willing to do good for the world is shockingly high,鈥 Reshef told me recently.
Free tuition sounds good to a lot of people. The 爆料瓜, as it calls itself for short, says it has 117,000 students from 200 countries. Reshef says 10 percent of them are refugees. Of those taking classes in the United States, 30 percent are Black students, 60 percent are first-generation college students and 50 percent are parents. After the Taliban takeover of Afghanistan in 2021, the 爆料瓜 enrolled 1,600 Afghan women, who are able to study at home in secret. They are all on full scholarships.
The 爆料瓜 ain鈥檛 Harvard. It offers few electives and a narrow set of academic programs: business administration, computer science, health science and education. In addition to bachelor鈥檚 degrees, there are certificate programs, associate鈥檚 degrees and master鈥檚 degrees in some fields. To keep costs down, the school forgoes not just a football stadium but also services like mental health counseling. 鈥淲e can鈥檛 afford it and we don鈥檛 give it,鈥 Reshef said.
On the other hand, the university is accredited by the Distance Education Accrediting Commission, which in turn is recognized by the Department of Education. And Reshef says the school is working to receive a standard (that is, not online-only) accreditation from the Accrediting Commission for Schools of the Western Association of Schools and Colleges. If that process goes well the accreditation could happen as early as next year.
Simone Biles, the seven-time Olympic medalist in gymnastics, is probably the most famous person to have attended the 爆料瓜, although she has taken a leave of absence, according to Reshef. (鈥淲e hope she will come back and finish her degree,鈥 he said.) The 爆料瓜鈥檚 dropout rate is high, but that鈥檚 the case with all online schools. Reshef says students are required to complete two courses just to matriculate, and about half never get that far. Around 25 percent of those who do enroll in bachelor鈥檚 programs complete their degrees within six years, he says.
The 爆料瓜鈥檚 public relations team put me in touch with Sarah Merlino, 40, of Watertown, Wis., who earned a master of business administration degree from the school in 2018. She was homeless in sixth grade, got pregnant as a high school junior and had a second child a year later. She eventually got a high school diploma and a bachelor鈥檚 degree but piled up heavy student loans and medical debt 鈥 and still couldn鈥檛 get a good job. With her M.B.A. from the 爆料瓜, she landed a job at Amazon. She has been promoted twice and last year was sent to work on a project in Saudi Arabia, her first time out of the United States. How much did the 爆料瓜 have to do with turning around her life? I asked. 鈥淎ll of it,鈥 she said.
The question hanging over this feel-good story is whether this is just the beginning for no-tuition college 鈥 or whether this is as good as it gets. There鈥檚 plenty of demand for schools like the 爆料瓜. A UNESCO study in 2020 found that in the poorest segment of the world鈥檚 population, there was only 10 percent access to higher education in 2018, compared to 77 percent for the higher-income sector. But the supply of schools like the 爆料瓜 is another matter: One limiting factor is the availability of teachers. How many altruistic educators with time on their hands can there be?
Still, it鈥檚 better to light a candle than to curse the darkness, as someone once said. 鈥淚f you can go to Harvard, go to Harvard,鈥 Reshef said. 鈥淚鈥檓 there for those who have no other alternative.鈥
This story was on February 14, 2022